Microtubules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Microtubules - Essay Example Microtubules are polymers that have elongated tube-like monomer chains. These chains are helical like. ÃŽ ±-ÃŽ ²tubulin subunits make up the helical tube that has 13 protofilaments that are aligned in a parallel way. The subunits enable the tube-like monomers to link with each other using vertical and lateral bonds. The ÃŽ ±-tubulin domain bind to the ÃŽ ²-tubulin domain forming these bonds. Hence, the mechanical strength of the microtubules is enhanced. The Microtubule Organizing Centre mediates the nucleation of the microtubules. It comprises a ring complex of ÃŽ ³-TURC and ÃŽ ³-tubulin (Atkinson, 2014, 5870). The specific ring complex serve as the template of the 13 subunits of the microtubules. Microtubules grow from the minus to the positive side. The minus side is located at the centrosome. The growth occurs towards the outer region to the cortex. The overall characteristic of the microtubules is the propensity for dynamic instability. Thus, the microtubules can shrink and grow randomly. The characteristic is associated with loss of the â€Å"GTC-cap. The loss is produced as new subunits are added. There is an ATP unit that is located in the ÃŽ ²-tubulin part of the microtubules. The ATP unit goes through hydrolisation as the filament grows (Alieva, 2014, 670). There is a disadvantage to this growth. If the hydrolisation is more rapid than the rate of the addition of monomers, it compromises the microtubule. There is a GDP bound type of the ÃŽ ²-tubulin that has a higher dissociation energy in comparison to the one that is bound by the ATP. It makes it more energetic for the microtubule de-polymerization. Hydrolisation enables the formation of ADP. It raises the likelihood of the microtubules being spoilt. They can be spoilt through reduction in the length and de-polymerization. The speed of spoilage of the microtubules is influenced by factors like proteins that bind along their

Financial Reporting case study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Reporting case study - Coursework Example accounting practices in different countries, the International Finance and Reporting Standards has established guiding principles to facilitate the convergence of the international accounting practices and to improve the quality of the information presented to different users. In the attempt to achieve the convergence in accounting practices, the IFRS has established the following principles: information relevance, information reliability (faithful presentation, neutrality, complete and free from material error and prudence), comparability (consistency and disclosure of accounting policies), understandability and materiality. In addition, the IFRS has also provided a standard definition and guides in recognition of various elements of the financial statements such as revenue recognition, definition of different assets and liabilities (ZüLch & Hendler 2011, pp. 12-18). In response to the needs and requirements of various bodies such as the FASB and the IFRS, and different stakeholders in the government and their agencies, customers, the investors, the employees, lenders, suppliers and other trade creditors and the public, it is necessary to create financial statements. The needs of the mentioned stakeholders are as follows: the investors, who provide capital to a company are concerned about the levels of risk and return on their investments. They need financial information to help them decide whether they should buy or sell shares of a particular company. They also need the information that enables them to assess the ability of the business to pay the cash dividend. The second category of people is employees. Employees need to know whether their employer is financially stable. They use this data to evaluate the employer’s ability to implement a fair remuneration package, provide retirement benefits and be able to offer employment chances (S audagaran, 2009, pp. 150-155). Lenders use financial information to access the ability of a company promptly to pay both